Groundwater modelling as a basis for efficient mine water management
In order to optimise operations and understand the dynamics of the interface between the fresh, brackish and saline groundwater, DHI designed a high spatial resolution salinity groundwater model (HSRSM) for the mining area. The model can predict the movement of the saline/brackish groundwater interface as well as the quantity and salinity of dewatered groundwater in each mining pit under different mining plans. Moreover, the model can be used to assess the effects of various water management plans involving dewatering and water reinjection.
Detailed – but computationally fast
A realistic prediction of the groundwater salinity interface relies on high spatial resolution but, at the same time, needs to have reasonable simulation times to allow for the models to be effectively used as a tool. The challenge was therefore to ensure that we could increase the resolution and accuracy of the model whilst keeping simulation run times reasonable and proportional to the increased complexity. The model simulation time is a critical element for project delivery that is often overlooked by modellers and project managers and can cause significant frustration to project managers later in the project delivery cycle. As expected, the HSRSM model resulted in increased run times and at the same time provided greater precision and accuracy in its predictions.
Realistic predictions of groundwater salinity in high resolution
The client had previously developed a density-driven groundwater flow and transport models used to predict mine dewatering volume and groundwater drawdown/mounding. However, the spatial resolution of these models was not sufficient to provide certainty with respect to predicted salinity changes associated with groundwater pumping from the mining pits. DHI performed a review and analysis of the models and gained an understanding of the challenges to be resolved. DHI’s detailed modelling allowed for quantifying the amount of available fresh or brackish groundwater and to predict groundwater salinity reliably. The three major processes considered were density-driven flow, mine dewatering and groundwater injection of saline and brackish water.
Ultimately, the model could be used to:
- Design practical dewatering and reinjection solutions to meet specific water management goals
- Optimise designs for economic efficiency
- Evaluate potential effects of mining activities on environmental features such as the Marsh
- Understand and mitigate saline water ingress
- Predict impacts of alternative hydrological or development scenarios to assist the decision making
Optimised mine operation for the sake of economy and environment
Based on DHI’s modelling results, planning of mine dewatering and reinjection operations could continue, while at the same time ensuring the environmental safety of this precious region. The work contributed to minimising the risk and the optimisation of the mining operations – both economically and ecologically. This will ensure that Pilbara’s iron ore deposits, which contribute significantly to the economy of Western Australia, can be exploited without sacrificing the region’s environmental values.